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The Eastern Province ((タミル語:கிழக்கு மாகாணம்) ''Kil̮akku Mākāṇam''; (シンハラ語:නැගෙනහිර පළාත) ''Næ̆gĕnahira Paḷāta'') is one of the nine provinces of Sri Lanka, the first level administrative division of the country. The provinces have existed since the 19th century but did not have any legal status until 1987 when the 13th Amendment to the Constitution of Sri Lanka established provincial councils.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.statoids.com/ulk.html )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.priu.gov.lk/ProvCouncils/ProvicialCouncils.html )〕 Between 1988 and 2006 the province was temporarily merged with the Northern Province to form the North Eastern Province. The capital of the province is Trincomalee. ==History== In 1815 the British gained control of the entire island of Ceylon. They divided the island into three ethnic based administrative structures: Low Country Sinhalese, Kandyan Sinhalese and Tamil. The Eastern Province was part of the Tamil administration. In 1833, in accordance with the recommendations of the Colebrooke-Cameron Commission, the ethnic based administrative structures were unified into a single administration divided into five geographic provinces. The districts of Batticaloa, Bintenna (part of present day Badulla District), Tamankaduva (present day Polonnaruwa District) and Trincomalee formed the new Eastern Province. Tamankaduva was transferred to the newly created North Central Province in 1873 and Bintenna was transferred to the newly created Uva Province in 1886. The Indo-Lanka Accord signed on 29 July 1987 required the Sri Lankan government to devolve powers to the provinces and, in the interim, to merge the Northern and Eastern provinces into one administrative unit. The accord required a referendum to be held by 31 December 1988 in the Eastern Province to decide whether the merger should be permanent. Crucially, the accord allowed the Sri Lankan president to postpone the referendum at his discretion.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.tamilnation.co/conflictresolution/tamileelam/87peaceaccord.htm )〕 On 14 November 1987 the Sri Lankan Parliament passed the 13th Amendment to the 1978 Constitution of Sri Lanka and the Provincial Councils Act No 42 of 1987, establishing provincial councils.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.priu.gov.lk/Cons/1978Constitution/AMENDMENTS.html )〕 On September 2 and 8 1988 President Jayewardene issued proclamations enabling the Northern and Eastern provinces to be one administrative unit administered by one elected Council.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.lankanewspapers.com/news/2006/10/8947.html )〕 The North-East Province was born. The proclamations were only meant to be a temporary measure until a referendum was held in the Eastern Province on a permanent merger between the two provinces. However, the referendum was never held and successive Sri Lankan presidents issued proclamations annually extending the life of the "temporary" entity. The merger was bitterly opposed by Sri Lankan nationalists. The combined North-East Province occupied one fourth of Sri Lanka. The thought of the rebel Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam controlling this province, directly or indirectly, alarmed them greatly. On 14 July 2006, after a long campaign against the merger, the Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna political party filed three separate petitions with the Supreme Court requesting a separate provincial council for the East.〔 On 16 October 2006 the Supreme Court ruled that the proclamations issued by President Jayewardene were null and void and had no legal effect.〔 The North-East Province was formally de-merged into the Northern and Eastern provinces on 1 January 2007. Much of the Eastern Province was under the control of rebel Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam for many years during the civil war. The entire province was recaptured by the Sri Lankan military in 2007. After coming under Government control communities in the Eastern Province suffered from insecurity in the form of illegal taxes, political killings, abductions. Many community members blamed Pro-Government Tamil groups such as the Tamil Makkal Viduthalai Pulikal (TMVP).〔(East offers glimpse of post-war Sri Lanka ), by Maura R. O'Connor, Global Post, 1 May 2009〕 In 2008 due to the indiscriminate firearm use by various Tamil factions government planned to disarm Tamil Paramilitary groups. However the TMVP kept arms due to threat of LTTE and denied they were active in Civilian areas. TMVP was finally disarmed in 2009 after the LTTE was defeated. The Eastern Province has received at least $500 million from international donors since coming under the control of the government of Sri Lanka in 2007, according to the International Crisis Group.〔(Development Assistance and Conflict in Sri Lanka: Lessons from the Eastern Province ), Asia Report No. 165, International Crisis Group, 16 April 2009〕 Since the end of the war the Eastern Province has seen considerable development under the ''Nagenahira Navodaya'' (Eastern Revival) program which include various agricultural,infrastructural and Social development projects.These include the construction and repairing of roads, schools, hospitals,resettlement of IDPs and construction of Nanasala ICT centers.〔http://www.ices.lk/northern-spring-uthuru-wasanthaya-and-eastern-revival-negenahira-navodaya/〕 There are currently 88 Nanasala ICT education centers in the Eastern Province.〔http://www.island.lk/index.php?page_cat=article-details&page=article-details&code_title=98009〕 Other Projects include reconstructing the Walai Iravu bridge which was destroyed by the LTTE, developing the Weber stadium in the Batticaloa town, increasing agricultural production, construction of Manmunai, Vavunativu and New Oddamavadi bridges, carpeting roads, constructing 48,000 houses in the Eastern province for the people who live below the poverty line,〔http://www.sundayobserver.lk/2012/07/22/fea10.asp〕 developing the Trincomalee Harbour, construction of the Sampur Power Station, Development of Maritime park and a Maritime Museum in Trincomalee, creation of the Sampur industrial zone,〔http://www.dailymirror.lk/business/features/26964-integrated-development-of-port-city-of-trincomalee.html〕〔http://www.development.lk/project_detail-1a--70.html〕 development of bus stands, canals and the Oluvil Harbour in Ampara district.〔http://www.sundayobserver.lk/2013/05/12/fea09.asp〕〔http://archives.dailynews.lk/2012/08/18/fea03.asp〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Eastern Province, Sri Lanka」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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